How to Calculate Pressure Vessel
What is Pressure Vessel?
Pressure vessel stress depends on pressure, geometry, and material. Proper design prevents catastrophic failure; all vessels require rigorous analysis.
Formula
Thin-walled hoop stress: σ = (P × r) / t
- P
- P value — Variable used in the calculation
Step-by-Step Guide
- 1Thin-walled hoop stress: σ = (P × r) / t
- 2Thin-walled longitudinal: σ = (P × r) / (2t)
- 3Thick-walled uses complex formulas; pressure determines stress
Worked Examples
Input
Cylinder r=200mm, t=10mm, P=5 MPa
Result
Hoop stress ≈ 100 MPa
Governs failure mode
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- ✕Neglecting stress concentration at nozzles
- ✕Under-sizing vessel wall thickness
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is hoop stress higher than longitudinal?
Hoop stress acts in two directions around vessel; only half the stress resists longitudinal loading.
How are vessel codes applied?
ASME Section VIII governs U.S. pressure vessel design; requires rigorous calculations and inspections.
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