How-To Guides
Step-by-step guides that teach you how to perform calculations manually.
How to Calculate Loan Payments: Step-by-Step Guide
Calculate loan payments manually
Read guideHow to Calculate Loan Payments: Step-by-Step Guide
Manual loan calculation guide
Read guideHow to Calculate Loan Amortization: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate loan payments manually
Read guideHow to Calculate Loan Payments: Step-by-Step Guide
Calculate loan payments manually
Read guideEffect Size Calculator: A Step-by-Step Guide to Calculating Cohen's d
Learn to calculate Cohen's d effect size manually
Read guideHow to Calculate Cross Validation Error: Step-by-Step Guide
Calculate cross-validation error manually
Read guideHow to Calculate the Silhouette Score: Step-by-Step Guide
Calculate silhouette score manually
Read guideHow to Calculate Sampling Error: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate sampling error (Margin of Error & Confidence Interval) by hand. Understand the formulas, Z-scores, and finite population correction with a worked example.
Read guideHow to Calculate PCA Explained Variance: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate PCA explained variance from eigenvalues. Understand the formula, work through an example, and avoid common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate Mutual Information: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate Mutual Information (I(X;Y)) between two variables using joint and marginal probabilities. Understand feature dependency strength with a step-by-step example.
Read guideHow to Calculate Entropy: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate entropy change (ΔS) using the formula ΔS = Q_rev / T. Includes a worked example, unit conversions, and common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate a Confusion Matrix: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually build a confusion matrix step-by-step. Understand true positives, false negatives, and more with a clear example and formula.
Read guideHow to Calculate the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) Manually
Learn to manually calculate the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) for diagnostic tests using sensitivity and specificity pairs. Step-by-step guide with examples.
Read guideHow to Calculate Hazard Ratio: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate Hazard Ratio (HR) between two survival groups. Understand the formula, worked example, 95% CI, and log-rank p-value concept.
Read guideHow to Calculate Kaplan-Meier Survival Probabilities: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities with our step-by-step guide, formula, and worked example. Understand censoring and time-to-event data.
Read guideHow to Calculate Bootstrap Confidence Intervals: Step-by-Step Guide
Calculate bootstrap CIs manually
Read guideWilcoxon Test Calculator: Step-by-Step Guide
Run a Wilcoxon signed-rank test manually
Read guideHow to Calculate the Friedman Test: Step-by-Step Guide
Perform the Friedman test manually
Read guideHow to Perform a Kruskal-Wallis Test: Step-by-Step Guide
Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing groups
Read guideHow to Calculate Shapiro Wilk: Step-by-Step Guide
Perform Shapiro-Wilk normality test manually
Read guideHow to Calculate the Anderson-Darling Statistic: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate A² by hand
Read guideHow to Calculate the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic: Step-by-Step Guide
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for distribution fit
Read guideHow to Calculate Negative Binomial Distribution: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate negative binomial distribution manually
Read guideHow to Calculate Hypergeometric Distribution Probabilities: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate hypergeometric probabilities manually
Read guideHow to Calculate Log Normal Distribution: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate log normal distribution manually
Read guideHow to Calculate Weibull Distribution Probabilities and Reliability: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate Weibull distribution probabilities, reliability, mean, and hazard function. Understand the formulas for shape (k) and scale (λ) parameters.
Read guideHow to Calculate Gamma Distribution Probabilities: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate Gamma distribution PDF, mean, and variance. Understand the formulas, see a worked example, and avoid common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate Uniform Distribution Probabilities & Statistics: Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate uniform distribution probabilities, mean, variance, and PDF with a step-by-step guide and worked example.
Read guideHow to Calculate Exponential Distribution Probabilities: A Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to manually calculate Exponential Distribution probabilities (PDF & CDF). Understand the formula, work through examples, and avoid common pitfalls.
Read guideHow to Calculate the Moment Generating Function (MGF): Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to calculate the Moment Generating Function (MGF) by hand for any distribution. Find mean and variance using derivatives. Includes example and pitfalls.
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