Science & Engineering kaavat
Physics, chemistry, and engineering formulas.
Newton's Second Law of Motion
F = m × a
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Kinetic Energy Formula
KE = ½mv²
The energy an object possesses due to its motion. Doubling the speed quadruples the kinetic energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy
PE = m × g × h
The energy stored in an object due to its height above a reference point in a gravitational field.
Ohm's Law
V = I × R
The voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, with resistance as the constant of proportionality.
Electrical Power Formula
P = V × I
Calculates the rate at which electrical energy is converted. Can also be expressed as P = I²R or P = V²/R using Ohm's law.
Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT
Relates pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of an ideal gas. Combines Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's laws.
Speed, Distance, Time Formula
speed = distance / time
The fundamental relationship between speed, distance, and time. Can be rearranged to find any one variable given the other two.
Work Formula
W = F × d × cos(θ)
Work is done when a force moves an object through a distance. Only the component of force in the direction of movement counts.
Density Formula
ρ = m / V
Density measures how much mass is packed into a given volume. Water has a density of 1 g/cm³ (1,000 kg/m³).
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
F = G × m₁ × m₂ / r²
Every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.