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A random number generator produces numbers with no predictable pattern within a specified range. Computers generate pseudorandom numbers using deterministic algorithms seeded by a starting value. True random numbers require physical entropy sources.

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1. 1JavaScript: Math.random() returns a float from 0 (inclusive) to 1 (exclusive)
2. 2Integer from min to max: Math.floor(Math.random() × (max - min + 1)) + min
3. 3Cryptographic: crypto.getRandomValues() — suitable for security applications
4. 4Distribution: uniform (equal probability for each value) by default

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