வேதியியல் கால்குலேட்டர்கள்

Calculate the molar mass of any chemical compound. Enter the molecular formula — get molecular weight in g/mol with element breakdown. Free.

Calculate molar concentration of solutions. Full formula with variable legend, worked example and step-by-step chemistry solution.

C1V1=C2V2 dilution problems. Full formula with variable legend, worked example and step-by-step chemistry solution.

Find unknown acid or base concentration. Full formula with variable legend, worked example and step-by-step chemistry solution.

Apply Boyle\

Apply Charles\

Apply Gay-Lussac\

Apply the Combined Gas Law for any variable. Enter five of six P, V, T values — see the missing variable with steps. Free.

Find empirical formula from percent composition. Full formula with variable legend, worked example and step-by-step chemistry solution.

Determine molecular formula from empirical data. Full formula with variable legend, worked example and step-by-step chemistry solution.

Calculate reaction yield efficiency. Instant result with amortization table, formula and chart. Free financial calculator.

Identify the limiting reagent in a chemical reaction. Enter moles of reactants and stoichiometry — see limiting reagent and excess. Free.

Convert between moles and grams in reactions. Full formula with variable legend, worked example and step-by-step chemistry solution.

Find percent composition of chemical compounds. Quick calculation with worked example and formula. Free everyday calculator.

Calculate buffer pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Enter pKa, acid, and base concentrations — see pH and buffer capacity. Free.

Calculate osmotic pressure using π = iMRT. Enter solute concentration, temperature, and van\

Calculate freezing point depression ΔTf = Kf · m for any solvent. Enter molality and Kf — see the new freezing point and boiling point elevation. Free.

Calculate ΔTb=iKbm for solutions. Instant result with breakdown, formula and payment schedule. Free financial calculator.

Calculate Gibbs free energy ΔG = ΔH − TΔS. Enter enthalpy, entropy, and temperature — see ΔG and whether the reaction is spontaneous. Free.

Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc from reactant and product concentrations. Enter concentrations — see Kc, Kp, and reaction quotient Q. Free.

Calculate cell potential under non-standard conditions. Enter standard potential, temperature, and concentrations — see E via Nernst. Free.

Calculate Ea from Arrhenius equation. Instant result with breakdown, formula and payment schedule. Free financial calculator.

Calculate reaction rate constants and half-life for any reaction order. Enter concentration data — see rate law, k, and integrated rate equation. Free.

Calculate heat energy changes. Formula, worked example and unit conversions included. Instant thermodynamics solver.

Calculate E°cell for electrochemical cells. Formula, variable legend, worked example and step-by-step mechanics solution. Instant result.

[cell-potential]

Calculate buffering capacity of a solution. Full formula with variable legend, worked example and step-by-step chemistry solution.

Apply Raoult\

Apply Henry\

Calculate lattice energy using the Born-Landé or Kapustinskii equation. Enter ion charges, radii, and Madelung constant — see lattice energy. Free.

Construct a Born-Haber cycle for ionic compounds. Enter energy values — see lattice energy, ionisation energy, and each step in the cycle. Free.

Calculate exponential population growth P(t) = P₀eʳᵗ. Enter initial population, growth rate, and time — see population at any t. Free.

Calculate genotype and allele frequencies at equilibrium. Enter p or q allele frequency — see p², 2pq, q² and test for equilibrium. Free.

Calculate Mendelian genetics ratios. Enter parent genotypes — see the Punnett square, phenotype ratios, and allele frequency. Free.

Offspring ratios from parent genotypes. Formula, variable legend, diagram and worked example included. Instant geometry result.

Model logistic growth with a carrying capacity K. Enter r, K, and N₀ — see population at any time with S-curve. Free.

Calculate population growth with resource limits. Enter growth rate, carrying capacity, and initial population — see logistic curve. Free.

Allele frequencies from genotype counts. See formula, worked example and wave diagram. Instant physics result. Free online solver.

Estimate genetic drift magnitude in small populations. Enter population size and initial allele frequency — see drift probability. Free.

Calculate Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness. Enter species counts — see H\

Calculate physical length of DNA from base pair count. Enter base pairs — see length in nm, μm, and mm with chromosome comparison. Free.

Calculate natural selection coefficient s for a trait. Enter fitness values — see s, selection differential, and allele change per generation. Free.

Calculate mutation frequency per generation. Enter number of mutations and cell divisions — see mutation rate and probability. Free.

Explore DNA-to-protein synthesis pathways. Enter codon sequence — see amino acid chain, mRNA transcript, and protein mass. Free.

Calculate net primary productivity for any ecosystem. Enter biomass and respiration data — see NPP in gC/m²/yr with ecological interpretation. Free.

Calculate enthalpy change for chemical reactions. Enter bond energies or formation enthalpies — see ΔH with Hess\

Calculate partition coefficient for chemical distribution. Enter concentrations in two phases — see P, log P, and polarity index. Free.

Calculate equilibrium concentrations in acid-base reactions. Enter Ka/Kb and initial concentration — see pH and species concentrations. Free.

Calculate gas solubility using Henry\

Calculate electrode potential for redox reactions. Enter half-cell potentials — see standard cell potential and spontaneity. Free.

Calculate osmolarity of solutions from solute concentration. Enter solutes and concentrations — see total osmolarity in mOsm/L. Free.