Kuhesabu faida ya hisa ni muhimu kwa wawekezaji kutathmini utendaji wa uwekezaji na kulinganisha hisa tofauti. Kuelewa jinsi ya kukokotoa mapato rahisi, mapato ya kila mwaka na jumla ya mapato ikijumuisha gawio hukusaidia kufanya maamuzi sahihi ya uwekezaji na kufuatilia utendaji wa kwingineko.
Kurudi kwa Hisa ni Nini?
Marejesho ya hisa hupima faida au hasara kutokana na kuwekeza kwenye hisa, ikionyeshwa kama asilimia. Inachangia uthamini wa bei na gawio lililopokelewa. Mapato mazuri yanaonyesha faida; kurudi hasi kunaonyesha hasara.
Mfumo Rahisi wa Kurejesha
Njia ya msingi ya kuhesabu mapato ya hisa:
Return = (Ending Price - Beginning Price + Dividends) ÷ Beginning Price
Return % = Return × 100%
Mfano wa 1: Hisa yenye Uthamini wa Bei Pekee
Purchase price: $50
Selling price: $65
Dividends: $0
Return = ($65 - $50 + $0) ÷ $50 = $15 ÷ $50 = 0.30
Return % = 30%
Mfano wa 2: Hisa na Kupungua kwa Bei
Purchase price: $100
Current price: $85
Dividends received: $5
Return = ($85 - $100 + $5) ÷ $100 = -$10 ÷ $100 = -0.10
Return % = -10%
Mfano wa 3: Hisa na Mapato ya Gawio
Purchase price: $80
Selling price: $88
Dividends received: $4
Return = ($88 - $80 + $4) ÷ $80 = $12 ÷ $80 = 0.15
Return % = 15%
Urejesho wa Mwaka
Kwa uwekezaji uliofanyika kwa muda mrefu au mfupi zaidi ya mwaka mmoja, hesabu mapato ya kila mwaka:
Annualized Return = (1 + Total Return)^(1 ÷ Years) - 1
Mfano: Uwekezaji Uliofanyika Miaka 3
Beginning value: $1,000
Ending value: $1,400
Period: 3 years
Total Return = ($1,400 - $1,000) ÷ $1,000 = 0.40 (40%)
Annualized = (1 + 0.40)^(1/3) - 1 = 1.40^0.333 - 1 = 0.119 or 11.9%
Hisa Return Mifano Jedwali
| Nunua | Ya sasa | Gawio | Jumla ya Kurudi | Rudisha % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $50 | $60 | $2 | $12 | 24% |
| $100 | $95 | $3 | -$2 | -2% |
| $25 | $40 | $1 | $16 | 64% |
| $200 | $210 | $10 | $20 | 10% |
| $75 | $65 | $0 | -$10 | -13.3% |
Jumla ya Kurudi na Gawio Nyingi
Wakati hisa inalipa gawio mara nyingi katika kipindi chako, ongeza mgao wote:
Total Return = (Ending Price - Beginning Price + Sum of All Dividends) ÷ Beginning Price
Mfano: Hisa Inayomilikiwa Miaka 2 na Gawio la Kila Robo
Purchase price: $80
Selling price: $92
Quarterly dividends: $0.50 × 8 quarters = $4
Total Return = ($92 - $80 + $4) ÷ $80 = $16 ÷ $80 = 0.20
Return % = 20%
Mazao ya Gawio
Tenganisha sehemu ya gawio kutoka kwa jumla ya mapato:
Dividend Yield = Annual Dividends ÷ Current Stock Price × 100%
Price Appreciation = (Ending Price - Beginning Price) ÷ Beginning Price × 100%
Total Return = Dividend Yield + Price Appreciation
Mfano:
Stock price: $100
Annual dividend: $3
Ending price after 1 year: $110
Dividend Yield = $3 ÷ $100 = 3%
Price Appreciation = ($110 - $100) ÷ $100 = 10%
Total Return = 3% + 10% = 13%
Kulinganisha Utendaji wa Uwekezaji
| Hisa | Nunua | Kuuza | Gawio | Rudi | Rudisha % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | $100 | $125 | $5 | $30 | 30% |
| B | $50 | $72 | $2 | $24 | 48% |
| C | $200 | $240 | $10 | $50 | 25% |
Hisa B ina asilimia kubwa zaidi ya faida, ingawa Hisa A ilikuwa na faida ya juu kabisa.
Urejesho wa Mwaka na Vipindi Tofauti vya Saa
6 months: Annualized = (1 + Return)^(12/6) - 1 = (1 + Return)^2 - 1
2 years: Annualized = (1 + Return)^(1/2) - 1
5 years: Annualized = (1 + Return)^(1/5) - 1
Mfano: Kurudi kwa Miezi 6
6-month return: 8%
Annualized = (1.08)^2 - 1 = 1.1664 - 1 = 0.1664 or 16.64%
Athari za Muda kwenye Marejesho
Mfano: Wastani wa Gharama ya Dola
Month 1: Buy $100 at $50/share → 2 shares
Month 2: Buy $100 at $40/share → 2.5 shares
Month 3: Buy $100 at $45/share → 2.22 shares
Total cost: $300
Total shares: 6.72 shares
Average cost per share: $44.64
If current price is $50:
Total value: $336
Return: ($336 - $300) ÷ $300 = 12%
Marejesho Yanayorekebishwa ya Kodi
Kumbuka kwamba mapato ya uwekezaji mara nyingi hutegemea kodi:
After-Tax Return = Return × (1 - Tax Rate)
Mfano:
Investment return: 20%
Tax rate: 20%
After-tax return: 20% × (1 - 0.20) = 16%
Mazingatio ya Ulimwengu Halisi
Wakati wa kuhesabu mapato halisi ya hisa:
- Akaunti ya ada na kamisheni
- Zingatia kodi kwa faida ya mtaji
- Jumuisha gawio na mgao wote
- Rekebisha kwa mgawanyiko wa hisa
- Sababu katika gawio lililowekwa tena kwa ulinganisho wa muda mrefu
Kulinganisha na Vigezo
Linganisha mapato yako ya hisa kila wakati na viwango vinavyofaa:
S&P 500 average annual return: ~10%
If your stock returned 8%, it underperformed
If your stock returned 15%, it outperformed
Tumia Kikokotoo chetu cha Kurudisha Hisa ili kukokotoa papo hapo mapato ya kwingineko yako ya uwekezaji.